Though it is true that no two people have exactly identical skin, its basic structure is the same for all of us. Understanding this structure is the first step to taking care of one of your most valuable and sensitive assets. The quality of skin is not only an index of beauty, but also an outward manifestation of inner health. The skin is divided into three layers, and knowledge of these layers and their respective functions form the basis of a skin care routine. The first layer is the thin pidermis, further subdivided into upper and basal layers, the former containing keratin cells and the latter being the breeding ground for new cells. Also present in the epidermis is melanin, which responds to ultraviolet rays and deepens the skin colour.

The second layer contains fibers which cause surface wrinkling, and sebaceous glands responsible for secreting oil, which determines whether one’s skin is oily, dry or normal. It also has blood vessels which change the colour of the skin due to physiological changes. The last layer is composed of fat and determines the appearance of the skin. Before applying face creams and powders, one should ensure they know his/her skin type. Dry skin conditions usually come in two types, i.e. oil dry and moisture dry. Flaky patches, sensitive with no visible pores, and the presence of tiny thread-like veins, especially on the cheeks and side of nose, indicate an oil-dry type of skin. This ages quickly in contrast to moisture dry skin, which has the tendency to chap quickly and results in presence of fine

lines around the eyes and mouth in early years.

The quality of skin is not only an index of beauty, but also an outward manifestation of inner health.

Normal skin has a moderate oil level and has no dry spots or black heads. Oily skin appears to be shiny and shallow and large pores are visible. This skin also has a lot of white heads and black heads. Combination skin has patches in the middle of the face which are too oily and glossy, while other parts are too dry. To determine your skin type, strips of tissue paper can be used to find out the extent of oiliness, which indicates whether the skin is dry, oily, normal or mix type. To maintain the skin, one needs to cleanse, tone, moisturise and protect one’s skin from impurities and ultra- violet rays.

A fragrance free lotion should be used for cleansing, followed by a similar moisturiser, as fragrance is the number one skin irritant. Toners, if neccessary, should be of a sensitive skin formula and the face should be wiped gently and never scrubbed, as this dries the skin and red blemishes with a possibility of scarring may erupt. Wash your skin with gentle circular movements for 30- 60 minutes a maximum of thrice a day.

To maintain the skin, one needs to cleanse, tone, moisturise and protect one’s skin from impurities and ultra- violet rays.

Never use hot water to rinse the face, and if steam is required for face masks, it should not be applied for more than 10 minutes. Always wear sunscreen, even in winter, to protect your skin from harmful ultra- violate rays. Try an oil free sun-block or look for sunscreen in moisturisers.

For any kind of facial or body -skin treatment use the gentlest of products-grains in an unscented cream base, fragrance free, non- drying masks, creamy benzoyl peroxide or a salicylic acid formula. Pretest before using any new product. Dab on a little bit of the product just in front of your ear and wait for 24 hours to check for skin reaction. Do not use any product that does not agree with your skin, as often people influenced by advertisements do. Avoid using fragrance near your face, not only in perfumes and lotions, but also in hair products like scented shampoo, conditioner and spray too. For make up, use a hypoallergenic, fragrance free formula that suits your skin type.

– Dr. Achala Agarwal